Intelligence is the property of the system to achieve its goals by means of auto-stimulation.
Unfortunately, in many works, the concept of intelligence is taken as self-evident, and therefore is not defined in any way. In those cases, when an attempt is made to somehow define the concept of intelligence, they usually refer to some kind of human behavior: creativity, thinking, goal-setting, etc.
This is a mistake, since in such a situation, two implicit assumptions are made.
At first, it is understood that a person always acts intellectually. Secondlythat if a certain system reproduces the actions of a person, then it has intelligence.
Of course, both of these assumptions themselves need proof. In particular, the criterion for the presence of intelligence in the known Turing test.
In this test, the presence of intelligence in a machine is confirmed if the person who is talking to the machine and with a real person through written messages cannot determine who is his interlocutor. If you analyze this test, it turns out that this approach contains a vicious circle.
Indeed, in this test it is assumed that the questioner himself undoubtedly possesses intelligence, since if we take a person with a low level of development, then even now computer programs can mislead such a person.
For example, the well-known program "Eliza" was perceived by many people as a system with intelligence.
But in order to move on to practical work, it is necessary to give a constructive definition, that is, a definition that can be used for practical purposes. For example, to determine the level of intelligence of people, robots, computer programs and any man-machine systems.
Therefore, it is very important to have precisely a constructive definition of intelligence.
The difference between a person is that he reflects the entire world around him, therefore he also reflects himself in the world, and the stimuli that govern his behavior. The reflection of oneself in a person occurs in the form of an "I-image".
Consequently, his behavior is aimed not only at direct interaction with the external environment, but also at creating stimuli that further guide his own behavior. Man received a way of reflecting the world around him, in which the reflecting system reflects itself.
And not only reflects, but creates incentives to direct their own behavior. We will call such a property of the system autostimulation.
Autostimulation is designed to direct one's own behavior as opposed to simply stimulating the behavior of other individuals. For the implementation of autostimulation, it is necessary that the system reflects itself and some desired state of itself.
Stimuli created during auto-stimulation can have the property of a delayed action, that is, they are created before they are directly used.
The most common examples of such pre-built incentives are event programs. They are variants of incentives that affect the participants in these events, but act not at the time of their creation, but much later. On the other hand, a person can create a directly influencing auto-stimulus, for example, say to himself: "I have to do this!"
Autostimulation allows you to systematically and gradually distribute stimuli in such a way as to achieve a predetermined goal.
The most common manifestation of the mechanism of autostimulation is a person's personality, that is, his "I". The structure "I" is always an external stimulator in relation to direct activity. The task of this structure is to create external stimuli, which will then direct their own behavior. Examples:
- Maintaining a business plan
- Tying a knot for memory
- Setting the alarm
- Please remind something
Here, everywhere at first there is an ACTION (reaction), which will then lead to the creation of an STIMULUS. Therefore, instead of directly responding to the current situation, a person can proceed to the implementation of a previously thought out and comprehensively prepared plan, which will lead to the desired goal. It is this property that distinguishes a person from other representatives of the animal world. We can now give a rigorous definition of intelligence.
Intelligence is the property of the system to achieve its goals by means of auto-stimulation.
